ADA 6 JENIS TEXT YANG AKAN DIJELASKAN DISINI:
1.Recount
2.Procedure
3.Anecdote
4.Narrative
5.Report
6.Report
1. RECOUNT
Recount Tujuan komunikatif: Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian
atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau menghibur. Struktur teks: *
Pendahuluan (orientasi), yaitu memberikan informasi tentang apa, siapa, di mana
dan kapan; * Laporan (rentetan)
peristiwa, kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan secara berurut
Contoh:
Class Picnic
Last Friday our school went to Centennial Park for a picnic
First our teachers marked the rolls and the we got on the
buses. On the buses, everyone was chatting and eating. When we arrived at the
park, some students played cricket, some played cards but others went for a
walk with the teachers. At lunchtime, we sat together and had our picnic.
Finally, at two o’clock we left for school.
We had a great day.
2.PROCEDURE
Procedure, the communicative purpose is to tell the steps of
making or doing something. (Tujuan komunikatif nya: memberi petunjuk cara
melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkah.)
Generic Structure: Goal/Aim – Materials/Tools – Steps/Methods
Language Features of Procedure text:
Imperative form, ex: Cut, Pour, Don’t mix, dsb.
action verbs: turn, put, don’t, mix, dsb.
connectives (untuk mengurutkan kegiatan), ex: then, while,
dsb.
adverbials (untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, tempat, cara yang
akurat), ex: for five minutes, two centimetres from the top, dsb.
Contoh:
SESAME DROP BISCUITS
Ingredients/Materials:
2 cups flour
1 ½ teaspoons baking powder
½ reaspoon each baking soda and salt
Butter or margarine
2 tablespoons sesame seed
1 cup buttermilk
Night Before:
In a large bowl stir together flour, baking powder, soda and
salt.
2 knives or pastry blender cut in ½ cup butter until
particles are fine .
Stir in sesame seed.
Next Morning:
Add buttermilk to flour mixture and stir with a fork just
until mixed.
Drop by tablespoons on greased cookies sheet.
Bake in preheated 450 degrees oven until light brown. 12 to
14 minutes.
Serve at once with butter.
3.ANECDOTE
Definition and Social Function of Anecdote
Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents
in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.
Generic Structure of Anecdote
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Incident.Language Feature of Anecdote
1. Using exclamation words; it’s awful!, it’s wonderful!,
etc
2. Using imperative; listen to this
3. Using rhetoric question; do you know what?
4. Using action verb; go, write, etc
5. Using conjunction of time; then, afterward
6. Using simple past tense
Contoh Anecdote:
Blessing Behind Tragedy
There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were
Clark family with nine children. They had a dream to go to America. The family
worked and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to
America. It had taken several years but finally they had saved enough money.
They had gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in
a new liner to America.
The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement
with their new life in America. However few days before their departure, the
youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy. Because of the
possibility of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for long days. They
were in quarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were dashed.
They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.
The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped
the dock to watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of
disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.
Five days latter, the tragic news spread throughout
Scotland. The ship, the mighty Titanic, had shank. It took hundreds of
passenger and crew with it. Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship
had sunk. It was unbelievable but it was.
The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because
of the bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the
news, he hugged the son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked God
for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look
Ahead 2)
GenericStructureAnalysis:
Abstract: Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When
the dream will come true, there is something wrong last minute before it. What
will we feel? What will we do?
Orientation: the Clak family lived in Scotland. They had
dream to travel to America. They prepared well for their plan
Crisis: few days before they went to America, his youngest
son was bitten by a dog. It made they were being quarantined. They had to
forget their plan.
Incident: the family was full of disappointment and anger.
The father was angry with his son and God. The family failed to travel to
America and the father could not accept it.
Coda: the father thank to his son when he hear the ship
sank. He thank to God because of saving the family from sinking. He thought
leaving behind the ship was not a tragedy but a blessing.
4.REPORT
Report Tujuan Komunikatif: Menyampaikan informasi tentang
sesuatu, apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis. Yang
dideskripsikan dapat meliputi gajala alam, lingkungan, benda buatan manusia,
atau gejala- gejala sosial. Deskripsi sebuah teks report dapat berupa simpulan
umum misalnya tentang rumah sederhana dengan mendekripsikan ciri-ciri subyek
tersebut sehingga layak dikategorikan rumah sederhana, dsb.
Contoh:
Fax Machine
Fax, the short term for facsimile is a telecommunications
technology used to transfer copies (facsimiles) of documents, especially using
affordable devices operating over the telephone network. The word telefax,
short for telefacsimile, for “make a copy at a distance”, is also used as a
synonym. The device is also known as a telecopier in certain industries. When
sending documents to people at large distances, faxes have a distinct advantage
over postal mail in that the delivery is nearly instantenous, yet its
disadvantages in quality and its proprietary format have relegated it to a
position beneath email as the prevailing form of electronic document
tranferral.
5.NARRATIVE
Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca
dengan pengalaman nyata atau khayal. Ciri naratif adalah adanya unsur konflik
(masalah) dan resolusi (penyelesaian masalah). Jumlah masalah atau
penyelesaiannya mungkin hanya satu, mungkin juga lebih. Struktur Teks: * Pengenalan latar: tokoh,
waktu, dan tempat: * Pengembangan konflik; * Penyelesaian konflik; * Koda: perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh atau
pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita.
Contoh 1:
It was a warm day in March. I was very excited. The day had
finally come. I was in the rowing team for the Olympics. I got up very early
and exercised as always. Then after breakfast I drove to Drummoyne. My team
arrived and at last it was time to start.
Ready, set and the starting gun went off. We began in the
third position and were slowly moving closer. There they were. We could see the
second boat and then we did it.
We moved past. My arms were aching. My whole body was sore
but we all rowed harder.
The first boat was just in front I saw a dark shadow near the boat. I looked
again. What was it? I was sure it was
the shape of a cigar. ‘Oh my God’, I thought, ‘I must be seeing things. A shark
in Parramata River? Impossible!’
Just then I pulled my oar out of the water. ‘Oh no, why only
half?’ I thought. Then I knew. I shouted to my team, ‘Shark! Shark!’ and
suddenly we forgot the race. We rowed faster than ever back to shore. We made
it. Phew, we were safe!
Contoh 2:
Long ago on the top of Mount Kinabalu in Borneo, there lived
a dragon. He owned a large and beautiful pearl. People believed that he
controlled the weather with it.
The emperor of China heard this and wanted the pearl. He
sent his two sons, Wee Ping and Wee San to Borneo to steal it. The princes,
together with one hundred soldiers, set sail for Borneo in twelve sailing
junks.
When they arrived in Borneo, The set out immediately to find
the famous mountain. Their journey up the rugged slopes of Mount Kinabalu
proved very difficult. The dragon guarded his cave very fiercely and killed
many of their soldiers.
Then Wee San had a clever idea. He climbed a tall tree, so
he could see the dragon’s cave. He noted what time the dragon left his cave to
hunt for food and what time he returned
to it.
Next he ordered his men to make a fake pearl and a large
kite. He waited until the dragon left his cave. Then he placed the fake pearl
in a bag, slung it across his shoulder and flew up to the mountain-top on the
kite. He exchanged the real pearl for the fake one and then his brother pulled
his kite back to the ground.
The brothers quickly returned to their ships and set sail
for China. They sailed safely home. The emperor was thrilled with the pearl and
gave a big party to celebrate his sons’ return.
6.DESCRIPTIVE
Tujuan Komunikatif :
Struktur Teks: ciri-ciri seseorang, suatu benda atau tempat
tertentu. * Pengenalan benda, orang
atau sesuatu yang akan dideskripsikan. * Deskripsi: menggambarkan ciri-ciri
benda tersebut,misalnya berasal dari mana, warnanya, ukurannya, kesukaannya
dsb. Deskripsi ini hanya memberikan informasi mengenai benda atau orang
tertentu yang sedang dibahas saja, misalnya deskripsi tentang ‘My Dog’.
Ciri-ciri ‘anjing saya’ tersebut dapat berbeda dengan anjing yang lain.
What is descdiptive text?
The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a
thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person,
place, or thing.The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text
Descriptive text has structure as below:
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.
Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities,
or/and characteristics.
The Language Feature of Descriptive Text
Using attributive and identifying process.
Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.
Using simple present tense
Contoh 1:
Borobudur Temple
Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was build in the
nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is
located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.
Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction
is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on
a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five
terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in
bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell
shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at
the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km
of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure
of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.
Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian
monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.
Analyzing the Text (Generic Structure Analysis):
Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described
in general; Borobudur temple
Description; describing the Borobudur temple in parts; eight
terraces of Borobudur temple and its characteristics
Language Feature Analysis
Using adjective and classifiers; valuable
Using simple present tense; Borobudur is well-known,The
temple is constructed, etc
Contoh 2:
The Ambarawa Train Museum houses 21 antique locomotives plus
two more, which are stored in the depot. These locomotives are no longer
produced; even the factories that made them no longer exist. The main building
of this museum is the defunct Ambarawa railway station which was built in 1873.
the station covers 127,500 m2.
The oldest in this museum is a locomotive made by Hartman
Chemnitz. This locomotive, with a length of 8.58 m and a width of 2.45 m, began
its operation in 1891. Using wood as fuel, the steam locomotive could run 50
km/h – its maximum speed.
A special part of a visit to this museum is a
trip by train from the Ambarawa Train Museum to the defunct Bedono train
station. This package tour is called Railway Mountain Tour. Why is the trip so
special? Because the participants will board an antique train and the train
will travel on a 4.9 kilometer-cog railway, which is the only one in the world.sumber: riansihed.blogspot.com
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